Whitepapers.

Safety Assurance Framework for Physical AI Systems

Physical AI systems — autonomous vehicles, collaborative robots, surgical platforms — must satisfy safety certification regimes built for deterministic embedded software. This paper proposes a unified assurance framework that maps ISO/PAS 8800:2025, UL 4600:2023, and ISO 21448 SOTIF onto a shared evidence structure, with worked examples in L3 highway automation and a surgical robotic arm.